夫妻財產制契約的訂立、變更或廢止必須以書面進行，且若未經登記，將無法對抗第三人。【楊忠憲律師】
夫妻可以在結婚前或結婚後，以契約的方式選擇不同的財產制度，例如分別財產制或共同財產制。如果沒有以契約訂立財產制度，則依法定財產制規定，財產分為婚前與婚後財產。申請夫妻財產制契約登記時，需填寫完整的申請書，並購買法院服務中心提供的申請表。所需文件包括夫妻財產制契約副本、財產清冊、證明文件、戶籍謄本、身分證影本、印鑑證明書和印鑑章。財產清冊必須正確明確，尤其在不動產和動產文件方面需要特別注意。所有文件必須一同提交至法院的登記處進行審理。
在進行夫妻財產制契約登記時，有幾個關鍵步驟需要注意：
1. 管轄法院：登記需要前往地方法院的登記處辦理，根據個人住所地或主要財產所在地，確定管轄的法院。
2. 聲請人：夫妻財產制契約登記應由契約當事人共同聲請，但經過公證的契約可以由一方聲請。
3. 檢附文件：除了聲請書外，需要檢附相關文件，包括契約書、財產清冊、不動產登記謄本、戶籍謄本、國民身分證影本、印鑑證明書等。
4. 辦理程序：聲請人或代理人攜帶相關文件前往法院登記處，進行登記手續。代理人需要附具委任書、國民身分證正影本、印鑑證明書和印鑑章。
5. 登記效力：登記後夫妻財產制契約可以對抗第三人，但對於登記前所負債務之債權人，則不具效力。登記後需要對遷移住所或居所進行陳報。
6. 公告及登報：登記完成後，需要在公報或當地新聞紙上公告登記內容，以確保透明度與公正性。
總之，夫妻財產制契約的登記程序需要遵循一系列步驟和文件要求，以確保其合法性和對抗第三人的效力。此外，登記後的公告和登報也是確保公平和透明的重要措施。
Written Form Required for Establishment, Modification, or Termination of Marital Property Agreement – Registration Essential to Protect Against Third Parties
Married couples have the option to choose different property regimes through a contract, such as separate property or community property, either before or after marriage. Failure to establish a property regime through a contract results in the default legal property regime, categorizing property as pre-marital or post-marital. Applying for registration of a marital property agreement involves completing an application form and obtaining the necessary documents from the court service center. Required documents include a copy of the marital property agreement, a property inventory, supporting evidence, household registration transcripts, photocopies of ID cards, certificate of seal registration, and personal seals. Ensuring the accuracy of the property inventory, especially concerning real estate and movable property, is crucial. All documents should be submitted to the court’s registration office for processing.
Key Steps in Registering a Marital Property Agreement:
1. Jurisdiction: Determine the appropriate local district court based on residence or primary property location.
2. Applicants: The registration should be jointly filed by both parties involved in the agreement, although notarized contracts can be submitted by one party.
3. Document Submission: Apart from the application form, other documents such as the agreement, property inventory, real estate registration transcript, household registration transcript, photocopies of ID cards, seal certificate, etc., need to be submitted.
4. Processing Procedure: Applicants or authorized representatives should visit the court’s registration office with the required documents for the registration process. Representatives must also present an authorization letter, photocopies of ID cards, seal certificate, and personal seals.
5. Registration Effect: A registered marital property agreement is legally binding against third parties, but not for debts owed to creditors before registration. After registration, relocation should be reported.
6. Announcement and Publication: Following registration, it’s important to announce the registration details in official bulletins or local newspapers for transparency and fairness.
Conclusion:
The registration process for a marital property agreement involves adhering to specific steps and document requirements to ensure legality and enforceability against third parties. Additionally, the announcement and publication process after registration contribute to transparency and fairness. By registering the agreement, couples secure their chosen property regime and safeguard their interests in various property matters.